Normalisation of Bax in the Saudi Kingdom

1-In this article Bax discussed the development of the CALL through the past, present and future. And he suggested some changes of achieving nomalisations that concept means when the computers become as a part of our life. Moreover he explains the CALL stages which were divided by Warschauer:

· Behavioristic CALL

· Communicative CALL

· Integrated CALL.

Behavioristic CALL, is the most acceptable and would engage most agreement. But the other two are not. In addition he assumed that the CALL will extension to the normalization level when the technology become used as a normal thing in our lives also during the teaching and learning process. Moreover he explained some approaches which they are Restricted CALL that from the 1960s until about 1980. And Open CALL that from the 1980s until today.

2- (A) Bax suggested some change of achieving nomalisations that when the teachers use the computers as part of their lesson. Moreover he divided the means into three steps, they are:

1- Identify the critical factors which require the nomalisation.

2- Examination the practice of each teaching context.

3- Adjust the practice in each aspect to encourage the normalization.

2- (B) In my opinion, I think the Saudi Arabia’s schools started using technology at some classes. Moreover, I think the ministry of education will start to train their students and teachers to use technology in their classroom. And also they will try to provide many computers, projectors and internet in their schools. So, they still need many efforts to reached "normilasation" to achieve the required level.

Challenges of creating web-based activates in Sally Morrison” Interactive language Learning on the Web

Many teacher may face some challenges in creating Web-based language learning activities. The first and greatest challenge are that many teacher do not have the technical skill and knowledge to do it. Also they do not have time to require this skills. In addition some teacher avoid to use it because many students may face some problem like difficulty to accesses to internet or variety of their modem speed or the variety of Web browsers or because some students have a special needs. Therefore the teacher should take all this problem into account when they designing their online activities.
Some of difficulties that may face the teachers in SA are the accesses to internet, because not all schools here in SA provide the internet in their classes. Also not all students can accesses to the internet all the time. And not all schools have an appropriate materials which can help the teacher to use the technology in their classes. Moreover there are some students who don't have an appropriate material to help them to accesses to the internet or to learn by using technology. In addition some teacher or students are not familiar with technology so they don't use it to learn or teach. Therefore the ministry of education should provide an appropriate materials to their students, teachers and schools. And also they should train their students and teachers to teach them how they can take the benefit of using technology.

CALL and language skill

Using CALL in classroom are very important to the students, the teachers can use it to improve their students' skills (reading, writing, speaking, listening, vocabulary and grammar also). When I was in a prepare year my teacher uses some webs to help us to learn grammar by solving an activities. I think that was a good idea to engage the students to the lesson especially in the grammar lesson, because teaching grammar is very difficult and boring to the teacher and students. Therefor as a teacher I will use this web with my students because it was very helpful to me so I think that it will be helpful to my students also.

To open the web pleas click her

Here are some exercises that will help my students to learn the grammar easily I choose the adjective and adverb exercises.Which I think it will very helpful to my students. So in the end of my lesson I will ask my students to solve those activities from this web as a post activity where help me as a teacher make sure the students are know the different between the adjective and adverb or understand the lesson.

There are some examples of the activities which I will use in my lesson.
Fill in the words in brackets as adjective or adverb.

1) He...... reads a book. (quick)
2) Mandy is a....... girl. (pretty)
3) The class is........ loud today. (terrible)
4) Max is a ......... singer. (good)
5) You can ......... open this tin. (easy)
6) It's a........ day today. (terrible)
7) She sings the song ....... (good)
8) He is a .......... driver. (careful)
9) He drives the car........ (careful)
10) The dog barks ......... (loud)

Using Social Networking in Teaching

1-What's is your most important reason for using social networking?

The social network make you connect with the world, I can learna lot of thing from others experiences, cultures, religions, ideas... etc.I use it all the time if I have a question or to share my ideas with peoplefinally it makes the world smaller like a little Village.

2-Is it possible for you to use them in teaching EFL/ESL concrete examples, please

Of course I will use it with my students. First of all my students can use it to contact with me. Second also to contact with their classmates. And the important thing I will ask them to use to contact with nativespeakers in other countries to learn English language form them.For example, they can follow an account in twitter that may be will help them to learnEnglish language. Or ask them to make a group in what's app to contactwith me and with their classmates.

Technological Change and the Future of CALL

Technological determinism refer to the idea of using technology to achieve your goal.
the future of CALL depend on ten development in information and communications technology which based on some changes the first one is from using phone which connect with wireless easily. And the second change is from the development of using internet. Moreover the third change become from using online advises which make the access to internet more easer for example, laptop. The fourth one will be from the narrowband that mean the speed to get information from communication lines. As well the fifth change is because the cost of computer has fallen by half in recent years. Also the internet access become free. Nowadays the access to internet become easier than before, and doesn't limit to professional people but anyone can use it, so this is the sixth change. The seventh change is the use of new technology which text-based of informational and communicate in the growing of digital photography and home video. English language become the main language in online use and most of commercial Web page will be in English, these is the eighth change. The ninth change is when the children use the computer from their childhood they will be as native in use computer which mean they will feel more comfortable and skills than older people. Moreover the use of computer and internet in the classroom is one of the change of CALL movement, these is the tenth one. Therefore the expected effect of use the technology (computer and internet) will help people to learn English language without having to participate in the real world. The first rustle of information and communications technology development is new context which mean the increasing of English speaker and the use of English in globalize media will effect on the context in English language is taught. The second result is new literacy which refer to new forms of literacy which become possible by developments of technology and because the different between readings from print book and reading online. Another result is new genres important to teach a students another type of writing by using electronic communication. New identities mean when the teacher ask students to use English language in online communication they will learn more and they will feel confident about themselves that will develop their identities. Finally is new pedagogics which focus on the change of pedagogics through the years as result of using CALL. That made different stage of CALL development first of all was the structural CALL which used during the 1960s and 1970s in these stage the teacher followed the teaching technique of linguistic structural. The second one was in the 1980s and 1990s it was communicative CALL which focusing in on the meaning of language. Third was in 21s century that was integrative CALL of learning language which focus on socio-cognitive view.

In the recent years the kingdom of Saudi Arabia influence by the other development countries and take the technology from the development countries with their advantage and disadvantage therefore we keep seeing those ten development of ICT in Saudi Arabia but unfortunately not in the classroom. Because of that not all the five area apply here. But I think one day the teachers will see the advantage of using technology in English teaching and they will apply it in their classroom.

Reflect about reading 1

Reflect

Mark Warschauer talked about the future of CALL and depend on what. Also he explained the ten development of ICT in details. Moreover he explained the five areas of technology which will have effect on English teaching. In the end he divided CALL in three stages which are structural, communicative and Integrative of CALL with examples.

Term to Know

- Blended learning is a formal program in teaching which a students sometimes use the technology in classroom at least to learn some part of information from online.
- E-learning that mean the use of information and communication technologies and electronic media.
- Online learning is refer to distance education which mean learn some courses with learners who are separated by time and distance by using internet.
- Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) provides an effective learning environment for a students which help them to practice their English language by using electronic communication.
- Educational technology refer to the processes of analyzing solutions to the problems through research, theory, design, production and evaluation.
- Netiquette is refer to the propriety that you should take account when using internet.
- Learning Management System (LMS) is mean a software application which use for the administration, documentation, tracking, reporting and delivery of e-learning education courses or training programs.
- D-learning is mean access to learning when the source of information and the learners are not in the same location or time. And also called by distance education, distance learning or dlearning.